CESKY TERRIER
Dogs that contributed to the (early) breed's gene pool:
a) Buganier Urquelle (Sealy; 50%)
b) Scotch Rose (Scottie; 75%)
c) Jason's Amorous Artilleryman (Sealy; 50%)
Two of the three founder dogs contributed only one offspring each to the gene pool (both male; one a Sealy, one a Sealy x Scottie cross); the third founder (Scottie) contributed two.
Subsequent introductions to the gene pool will need to be specified.
a) Buganier Urquelle (Sealy; 50%)
b) Scotch Rose (Scottie; 75%)
c) Jason's Amorous Artilleryman (Sealy; 50%)
Two of the three founder dogs contributed only one offspring each to the gene pool (both male; one a Sealy, one a Sealy x Scottie cross); the third founder (Scottie) contributed two.
Subsequent introductions to the gene pool will need to be specified.
Database from February 2016
Quick summary:
The Cesky terrier population was founded on only 3 dogs (two Sealyhams and one Scottie) and has always been small in numbers. This has resulted in high levels of inbreeding - in fact, the highest of any breed I have analyzed so far. Over the years, only a third or less of the dogs produced have been bred, which has resulted in extreme loss of genetic diversity. The current population is the genetic equivalent of 1.12 dogs (i.e., 2/3 of the initial genetic diversity has been lost). All dogs are far more closely related to each other than full siblings. The average coefficient of inbreeding, computed using all ancestors back to founders, is > 60%.
The Cesky terrier population was founded on only 3 dogs (two Sealyhams and one Scottie) and has always been small in numbers. This has resulted in high levels of inbreeding - in fact, the highest of any breed I have analyzed so far. Over the years, only a third or less of the dogs produced have been bred, which has resulted in extreme loss of genetic diversity. The current population is the genetic equivalent of 1.12 dogs (i.e., 2/3 of the initial genetic diversity has been lost). All dogs are far more closely related to each other than full siblings. The average coefficient of inbreeding, computed using all ancestors back to founders, is > 60%.
BASIC STATISTICS
Total # of dogs: 5,073
310 dogs without birthdates
2,478 males; 509 with offsping
2,591 females; 898 with offspring
20.5% of males had offspring
34.7% of females had offspring
80 "founder" dogs (i.e., missing parents); 11 "unknown founder" dogs (missing one parent)
310 dogs without birthdates
2,478 males; 509 with offsping
2,591 females; 898 with offspring
20.5% of males had offspring
34.7% of females had offspring
80 "founder" dogs (i.e., missing parents); 11 "unknown founder" dogs (missing one parent)
GENETIC STATISTICS
fe (effective # of founders) = 2.8
fg (founder genome equivalents) = 2.55
fa (effective # of ancestors) = 2.05
avg MK (mean kinship) = 59.0% (for reference, kinship of full siblings is 25%; half-siblings is 12.5%)
fe (effective # of founders) = 2.8
fg (founder genome equivalents) = 2.55
fa (effective # of ancestors) = 2.05
avg MK (mean kinship) = 59.0% (for reference, kinship of full siblings is 25%; half-siblings is 12.5%)
Reference Population: Dogs born 2007-2015
# males = 675
# females = 662
Total dogs = 1,337
# males = 675
# females = 662
Total dogs = 1,337
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POPULATION SIZE
Number of dogs produced per year was very low from founding through about 1980, when popularity increased, but it has never been more than 200 dogs/year and has been dropping recently. |
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INBREEDING
Starting from a founder base of only a handful of dogs, inbreeding (necessarily) increased rapidly. After about 1960, the coefficient of inbreeding of all individuals was greater than 50%, and the current average is about 70%, with some individuals > 80%.
For reference, a half-sib x half-sib cross produces a COI of 12.5% (blue line); a sib-sib cross produces a COI of 25% (red line).
For reference, a half-sib x half-sib cross produces a COI of 12.5% (blue line); a sib-sib cross produces a COI of 25% (red line).
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This is the frequency distribution of COI values for dogs born 2007-to the present. The values of zero are for dogs without information for parents and are an artifact of missing data. |
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HISTORY (from Cesky Terrier (UK)
In 1950, I repeated my experiment. Just as in the first litter, I crossed a
Scottish Terrier bitch. This time there were six puppies in the litter, but only one (Balda Lovu
zdar, #2) had the dropped ears that I wanted. Again, he was brindle. Balda became the
Foundation sire of the breed. First I mated his litter sister, Baba Lovu zdar, to Adam (her
half-brother), but none of the puppies were suitable for breeding; then I mated her to
Balda (brother x sister) but likewise, these puppies were not what I wanted. Then I put
Balda to his dam, Scotch Rose. This was successful, because this time there were two
puppies with well-dropped ears - a dog, Dareba Lovu zdar, and a bitch, Diana Lovu zdar. I
gave Dareba (who was brindle) to a hunter, but he died shortly after, so was never used for breeding. His sister, Diana, however, became the Foundation Dam of the breed. At first she was black, but later became dark grey, and she had especially well-dropped ears. She had a satisfactory resemblance to the type of Cesky Terrier that I had in mind.
Because my second successful cross had involved a mother-son mating, I chose, for the
next one, the bitch Diana Lovu zdar and a Sealyham Terrier dog. Buganier Urquelle had
died, so therefore I used his son, Jasans Amorous Artilleryman, bred by my friend Mr
Mann in Prague. In this litter there were two dogs and one bitch, given the names
Fantom, Furiant and Fenka, of course with the suffix Lovu zdar. Fantom was brindle, just
like his sister Fenka, but the dog Furiant was black with tan markings, and they all had
white marks on the chest and legs. Furiant was powerfully built and had a large white
collar, making him unsuitable for breeding. I crossed Fantom with his sister Fenka. Only
one puppy survived, a bitch called Halali, who proved to be a pillar of the breed.
Fantom was mated to his daughter, Halali, and in this litter
there was one brown coloured dog, with a liver nose and tan
markings (Chytry). Unfortunately he was sterile. Afterwards I
crossed Fantom with his mother, Diana, and again there was
a brown puppy, this time a bitch (Iris) who was all brown.
Due to lack of space, and not realising how difficult it would be to reproduce this colour, I
gave the bitch away to a friend, who unfortunately lost her. (These two remained the only
brown Cesky Terriers until 1993 when the male Vladyka del Monte was born.) The gene
for the brown colour must come from the Sealyham Terrier, as it is not known in the
Scottish Terrier, and must have been carried by Fantom, Diana and Halali.
In 1959 I exhibited Fantom, Chytry and Javor (Fantom x
Halali) at the International Dog Show in Liberec ‘not for
competition’. The visitors, especially those from other
countries, were very interested in this new breed, and soon
after the show, a start was made, with the help of Mr Dipl.
Ing. Najman, in entering these terriers in the Czechoslovakian
Register under the name Cesky (Czech) Terrier’. Number 1 in
this register went to the bitch Chrabra Lovu zdar and another
thirteen Cesky Terriers were initially registered. In 1963 the
Cesky Terrier was officially recognised by the FCI as an
independent breed. The development of the breed was
finished.
There were essentially two reasons which induced me to create this breed:
1) to create an ideal compromise between two go-to-ground breeds - the Scottish Terrier
and the Sealyham Terrier, producing a fully pigmented breed (like a Scottie) with a
practical drop ear (like a Sealyham), small, agile, and with a relatively simple grooming
style, achieved by clipping rather than hand-stripping.
2) to investigate the possibility of producing a completely different breed from a
minimum number of individuals. (In the origin of the Cesky Terrier only two dogs and one
bitch were used).
In 1950, I repeated my experiment. Just as in the first litter, I crossed a
Scottish Terrier bitch. This time there were six puppies in the litter, but only one (Balda Lovu
zdar, #2) had the dropped ears that I wanted. Again, he was brindle. Balda became the
Foundation sire of the breed. First I mated his litter sister, Baba Lovu zdar, to Adam (her
half-brother), but none of the puppies were suitable for breeding; then I mated her to
Balda (brother x sister) but likewise, these puppies were not what I wanted. Then I put
Balda to his dam, Scotch Rose. This was successful, because this time there were two
puppies with well-dropped ears - a dog, Dareba Lovu zdar, and a bitch, Diana Lovu zdar. I
gave Dareba (who was brindle) to a hunter, but he died shortly after, so was never used for breeding. His sister, Diana, however, became the Foundation Dam of the breed. At first she was black, but later became dark grey, and she had especially well-dropped ears. She had a satisfactory resemblance to the type of Cesky Terrier that I had in mind.
Because my second successful cross had involved a mother-son mating, I chose, for the
next one, the bitch Diana Lovu zdar and a Sealyham Terrier dog. Buganier Urquelle had
died, so therefore I used his son, Jasans Amorous Artilleryman, bred by my friend Mr
Mann in Prague. In this litter there were two dogs and one bitch, given the names
Fantom, Furiant and Fenka, of course with the suffix Lovu zdar. Fantom was brindle, just
like his sister Fenka, but the dog Furiant was black with tan markings, and they all had
white marks on the chest and legs. Furiant was powerfully built and had a large white
collar, making him unsuitable for breeding. I crossed Fantom with his sister Fenka. Only
one puppy survived, a bitch called Halali, who proved to be a pillar of the breed.
Fantom was mated to his daughter, Halali, and in this litter
there was one brown coloured dog, with a liver nose and tan
markings (Chytry). Unfortunately he was sterile. Afterwards I
crossed Fantom with his mother, Diana, and again there was
a brown puppy, this time a bitch (Iris) who was all brown.
Due to lack of space, and not realising how difficult it would be to reproduce this colour, I
gave the bitch away to a friend, who unfortunately lost her. (These two remained the only
brown Cesky Terriers until 1993 when the male Vladyka del Monte was born.) The gene
for the brown colour must come from the Sealyham Terrier, as it is not known in the
Scottish Terrier, and must have been carried by Fantom, Diana and Halali.
In 1959 I exhibited Fantom, Chytry and Javor (Fantom x
Halali) at the International Dog Show in Liberec ‘not for
competition’. The visitors, especially those from other
countries, were very interested in this new breed, and soon
after the show, a start was made, with the help of Mr Dipl.
Ing. Najman, in entering these terriers in the Czechoslovakian
Register under the name Cesky (Czech) Terrier’. Number 1 in
this register went to the bitch Chrabra Lovu zdar and another
thirteen Cesky Terriers were initially registered. In 1963 the
Cesky Terrier was officially recognised by the FCI as an
independent breed. The development of the breed was
finished.
There were essentially two reasons which induced me to create this breed:
1) to create an ideal compromise between two go-to-ground breeds - the Scottish Terrier
and the Sealyham Terrier, producing a fully pigmented breed (like a Scottie) with a
practical drop ear (like a Sealyham), small, agile, and with a relatively simple grooming
style, achieved by clipping rather than hand-stripping.
2) to investigate the possibility of producing a completely different breed from a
minimum number of individuals. (In the origin of the Cesky Terrier only two dogs and one
bitch were used).
